Model family
Other / unclassified
These records do not fit one of the four primary roles, or have not been reviewed yet. They include synthetic-data generators, signal tokenizers, benchmark baselines and announced models with too little detail to classify.
- Models
- 79
- Open weights
- 20
- Benchmarks
- 12+
- Years
- 18–27
- ECG · 25
- PPG · 23
- IMU · 18
- EEG · 15
- Text · 10
- RGB · 6
79 other / unclassified models
Newest first · one primary role per record
- MSTransmulti-scale spatio-temporal transformer for rPPGRGB2027
- BLPHRV-conditioned LLM personalisation for stress detection (NTHU)ECGHRHRV2026
BrainCodes (USC SAIL + Microsoft Research; lightweight EEG FM over BioCodec tokens)Foundation modelEEG2026
BrainPro (NTU; process-conditioned, topographic-retrieval EEG FM)Foundation modelEEG2026 · Open weights
CM-TCC (Cross-Modal Temporal and Contextual Contrasting; ECG + ACC encoders, Emognition)Foundation modelECGIMU2026 · Open weights
ECG-JEPA (Samsung Medical Center; 12-lead ECG JEPA)Foundation modelECG2026 · Open weights- ECGTFormer (NYU Abu Dhabi; physiology-aware ECGTokenizer + causal V-JEPA ECG FM)Foundation modelECG2026
EEG-Captioner (SJTU X-LANCE; Dual-Domain EEG encoder + Qwen2.5-Omni LoRA)EEGText2026 · Open weights- FLOWfeature-level optimal warping for domain-generalized rPPG2026
IECGweakly-supervised interpretability-enhancing ECG foundation modelFoundation modelECGText2026- Lead-adaptive SSL ECG model (VQ-VAE tokenizer + lead-adaptive MAE; BSPC 2026)Foundation modelECG2026
LPSGM (Large PSG Model; flexible-channel EEG/EOG/EMG sleep staging + clinical screening; ZJU / Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital)Foundation modelEEGEMGEOG2026 · Open weights- MS-rPPGmulti-spectral (RGB + NIR) state space model for in-vehicle rPPG2026
- Multimodal EEG World Model (wearable EEG, ECG/EMG/movement-conditioned latent transition SSL)ECGIMUEEG2026
- PALC-Netphysiology-aware lightweight contrastive network for unsupervised rPPGRGB2026
Personal Health Agent (PHA; Google multi-agent framework over wearable + medical data)EHRTextactivity records2026- PG-LRFPPGECG2026
- PHA + FDPprogressive hierarchical attention and frequency-decoupled loss for unsupervised rPPGRGB2026
- PocketTSLMon-device (MLX Swift) deployment of OpenTSLM-SP 1BECGEEGText2026 · Open weights
PulseLMPPGText2026
QECGBERT (VQ-VAE beat-token BERT ECG FM; Afghah lab)Foundation modelECG2026- ResPulseNetrecovery-aware rPPG during post-exercise HR recoveryRGB2026
- rPPG-guided multi-task cascaded learning for joint HR and SpO2RGB2026
SleepMaMi (SNU; macro+micro PSG sleep foundation model, ICML 2026)Foundation modelECGSpO₂Resp2026 · Open weights- TPA-Flowtensor-product attention + rectified-flow decoding for rPPGRGB2026
- VITALvisual-physiological token alignment for VLM-based rPPG (pointer)2026
BioCodec (USC SAIL; neural-codec biosignal tokenizer)Foundation modelEEGEMG2025 · Open weights- CEReBrOFoundation modelPPGECGEEG2025
- FairTuneBias-aware fine-tuning of PPG-GPT for heart-rate prediction across ICU, wrist, and smartphone PPGPPG2025
GPT-PPGFoundation modelPPG2025- JETS (Empirical Health; joint-embedding FM for irregular behavioural wearable time series)Foundation modelSpO₂HRActivity2025
- ME-rPPGmemory-efficient real-time rPPG via temporal-spatial state space duality2025
MIRAFoundation modelPPGECGEEG2025 · Open weights
NeuroRVQ (PPG tokenizer)Foundation modelPPGECGEEG2025 · Open weights
OpenTSLMTime-Series Language Models (Stanford / ETH Zurich)ECGIMUEEG2025 · Open weights- PPG-DistillPPG2025
QUMPHY D1 PPG benchmark checkpoints (BP + AF; ResNet18 image / TCN / MLP)code releasePPG2025 · Open weights- Text2IMUIMU2025
- Vision4PPGPPG2025
ActiNet (OxWearables activity-intensity classifier)IMU2024 · Open weights- ChatTS (time-series MLLM; Tsinghua NetMan + ByteDance)Foundation modelTexttime series2024 · Open weights
- FactorizePhysNMF multidimensional attention 3D-CNN for rPPG (NeurIPS 2024)2024
IMUGPTIMU2024- RhythmFormerperiodic sparse attention Transformer for rPPG2024
- SynHARIMU2024
- wav2sleepPPGECGResp2024 · Open weights
- PhysFormertemporal difference Transformer for rPPG2022
- EfficientPhysefficient on-device camera vitals2021
- TS-CANTemporal Shift Convolutional Attention Network2020
- PhysNetspatio-temporal 3D-CNN for remote PPG2019
- DeepPhysconvolutional attention network for video PPG2018
- RhythmNetend-to-end spatial-temporal HR from face (VIPL)2018
- AI-PPG age (PPG-VascularAge)PPGOpen weights
Beat-synchronous ECG tokenizers (UMN, IEEE MLSP 2026)ECGOpen weights- BeliefPPGcode releasePPG
- Brant-XFoundation modelECGEEGEMG
- CapFMFoundation Model for Capacitive Touch SensingFoundation modelcapacitive-touch
- Cardiac Micro Model Android Wear (litert-community)PPGTextOpen weights
- CardioFusion-AIcode releasePPGECG
- COMODOcode releaseIMUVideo
- Continuous HRV from PPG (state-space)code releasePPGIMUTempOpen weights
- Contrast-Phys / Contrast-Phys+unsupervised contrastive rPPG
- DeepConvContextcode releaseIMU
- ECG-RSIcode releaseECG
- ECG-SDIcode releaseECGPSG
- egoPPGcode releasePPGECGIMU
- egoPPG
GRIP activity-intensity models (wrist ACC, chronic pain)IMUOpen weights- MetaWearScode releaseECGEEG
- Multi-site PPG robust HRcode releasePPG
- MW-PPG-HR uncertainty-aware CNNcode releasePPGECGIMU
- PhysMamba / RhythmMambaMamba-based rPPG (open-rppg zoo)
- PPI-Netinter-beat-interval trajectory head for wrist-PPG HR with per-point uncertaintyPPGIMU
- ReliaGatecode releasePPGIMUEDA
- Sleep_Staging_KD (EEG→ECG knowledge distillation)ECGEEG
- Smartwatch loss-of-pulse detectorcode releasePPGIMU
- TRACE-TScode releaseIMU
- WatchSleepNetcode releasePPGHRV
- ZARAcode releaseIMUText
Where these models are benchmarked
All leaderboards
Atrial fibrillation detection
Long-term ECG and wrist PPG with annotated AF episodes (AFPPGECG): exact match
Includes PulseLM · 1 result

Atrial fibrillation detection
MIMIC PERform: exact match
Includes PulseLM · 1 result

Heart rate estimation
PPG-DaLiA: exact match
Includes PulseLM · 1 result

Heart rate estimation
PPG-DaLiA: MAE (BPM)
Includes PPI-Net · 14 results

Human activity recognition
CAPTURE-24: Cohen's kappa (4-class activity intensity)
Includes ActiNet (OxWearables activity-intensity classifier) · 1 result

Human activity recognition
CAPTURE-24: macro-F1 (4-class activity intensity)
Includes ActiNet (OxWearables activity-intensity classifier) · 1 result

Human activity recognition
CAPTURE-24: macro-F1 (3-class activity intensity)
Includes GRIP activity-intensity models (wrist ACC, chronic pain) · 1 result

Human activity recognition
MHEALTH: macro-F1 (ZARA protocol, training-free LLM agents)
Includes ZARA · 3 results

Human activity recognition
OPPORTUNITY: macro-F1 (ZARA protocol, training-free LLM agents)
Includes ZARA · 3 results

Human activity recognition
PAMAP2: macro-F1 (ZARA protocol, training-free LLM agents)
Includes ZARA · 3 results

Human activity recognition
RealWorld HAR: macro-F1 (4-class activity intensity)
Includes ActiNet (OxWearables activity-intensity classifier) · 1 result

Human activity recognition
WISDM AR v1.1: macro-F1
Includes ActiNet (OxWearables activity-intensity classifier) · 1 result
Datasets these models use
All datasets
PPG-DaLiAUsed by PulseLM, FairTune, GPT-PPG +3PPG dataset for motion compensation / HR15 subjects · PPG · ECG · IMU
WESADUsed by BLP, CM-TCC (Cross-Modal Temporal and Contextual Contrasting; ECG + ACC encoders, Emognition), PulseLM +2Wearable Stress and Affect Detection15 subjects · PPG · ECG · IMU
PTB-XLUsed by ECG-JEPA (Samsung Medical Center; 12-lead ECG JEPA), ECGTFormer (NYU Abu Dhabi; physiology-aware ECGTokenizer + causal V-JEPA ECG FM), IECG +121,799 clinical 12-lead ECGs (PhysioNet)18,869 subjects · ECG
Chapman–Shaoxing–Ningbo 12-lead ECG arrhythmia database (PhysioNet)Used by ECG-JEPA (Samsung Medical Center; 12-lead ECG JEPA), IECG, QECGBERT (VQ-VAE beat-token BERT ECG FM; Afghah lab)45,152 subjects · ECG- Cleveland Family Study (CFS)Used by LPSGM (Large PSG Model; flexible-channel EEG/EOG/EMG sleep staging + clinical screening; ZJU / Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital), SleepMaMi (SNU; macro+micro PSG sleep foundation model, ICML 2026), ECG-SDINSRR family sleep-apnea PSG2,284 subjects · PPG · PSG
- MESA SleepUsed by LPSGM (Large PSG Model; flexible-channel EEG/EOG/EMG sleep staging + clinical screening; ZJU / Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital), SleepMaMi (SNU; macro+micro PSG sleep foundation model, ICML 2026), ECG-SDINSRR polysomnography + wrist actigraphy (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis)2,237 subjects · PPG · ECG · IMU
- MrOS Sleep Study (Osteoporotic Fractures in Men, NSRR)Used by LPSGM (Large PSG Model; flexible-channel EEG/EOG/EMG sleep staging + clinical screening; ZJU / Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital), SleepMaMi (SNU; macro+micro PSG sleep foundation model, ICML 2026), ECG-SDIECG · SpO₂ · Resp
PAMAP2Used by Text2IMU, IMUGPT, ZARAPhysical Activity Monitoring (n=9, 3× IMU + HR)9 subjects · IMU · Temp · HR
PulseDB v2.0Used by CEReBrO, GPT-PPG, QUMPHY D1 PPG benchmark checkpoints (BP + AF; ResNet18 image / TCN / MLP)cleaned MIMIC-III + VitalDB cuffless-BP benchmark (MIMIC part ODbL; VitalDB part CC BY-NC-SA)5,361 subjects · PPG · ECG · BP- Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS, NSRR)Used by LPSGM (Large PSG Model; flexible-channel EEG/EOG/EMG sleep staging + clinical screening; ZJU / Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital), SleepMaMi (SNU; macro+micro PSG sleep foundation model, ICML 2026), ECG-SDIECG · SpO₂ · Resp
Stanford wrist PPG AF (DeepBeat)Used by GPT-PPG, PPG-Distill, QUMPHY D1 PPG benchmark checkpoints (BP + AF; ResNet18 image / TCN / MLP)Torres-Soto & Ashley 2020, Synapse syn21985690PPG
BIDMC PPG and Respiration (Pimentel 2016 / PhysioNet)Used by GPT-PPG, Vision4PPG53 subjects · PPG · ECG · SpO₂
Families are editorial primary-role groupings reviewed against each model record, not an architecture taxonomy. A model appears in one family even when it could fit more than one. Diagrams are conceptual.
Other families
Browse model families
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Conceptual diagrams, not model architectures. One primary role per record; families can overlap.
Other / unclassified 79