ZARA: Training-Free Motion Time-Series Reasoning via Evidence-Grounded LLM Agents

Zechen Li, Baiyu Chen, Flora D. Salim

ACL 2026 Main Conference· 2025
IMU

Summary

Per-dataset Macro-F1 (ZARA Gemini, Table 1): Opportunity 92.5 · UCI-HAR 90.0 · Shoaib 97.1 · PAMAP2 76.9 · USC-HAD 60.1 · MHealth 86.1 · WISDM 64.1 · DSADS 84.4.

Key facts

Form Factor
other
License
Not stated

Reported benchmarks

Human activity recognition (IMU)

mhealth · Macro-F1 ↑

#2 of 4
86.1 (%)

same ZARA protocol, 12 classes.

Human activity recognition (IMU)

opportunity · Macro-F1 ↑

#1 of 3
92.5 (%)

ZARA protocol: knowledge base from seen subjects, class-balanced held-out-subject test, 4 classes (Table 1).

Human activity recognition (IMU)

PAMAP2 · Macro-F1 ↑

#3 of 4
76.9 (%)

Held-out-subject class-balanced split, 12 classes — different protocol from the LOSO MorphCL/HARNet row; not ranked against it (protocol isolation). MorphCL LOSO row unchanged

Updated: Oct 12, 2026