HSBP-DB

HSBP-DB is a novel, annotated, and synchronised database of phonocardiography (PCG) and arterial blood pressure (BP) recordings, developed to address the absence of a purpose-built, openly accessible benchmark for multi-class hypertension staging from cardiac acoustic signals.

The dataset comprises 400 raw, uncompressed .wav PCG recordings acquired from 50 adult participants (32 male, 18 female; age 22.70 ± 2.00 years) under two physiological conditions: resting-baseline (5 sessions per participant) and post-exercise (3 sessions per participant). PCG signals were captured using the 3M Littmann CORE Digital Stethoscope (Model 8480) positioned at Erb's point, sampled at 4,000 Hz. Concurrent ground-truth blood pressure was measured using the Contec ABPM50 oscillometric ambulatory monitor (ESH-IP 2010 validated), applying a sequential reference-first acquisition protocol to ensure temporal alignment between the BP label and the corresponding PCG recording.

Each recording is labelled at the recording level according to the 2017 AHA/ACC four-class blood pressure classification schema (Normal, Elevated, Hypertension Stage 1, Hypertension Stage 2). All metadata — participant identifier, session index, physiological state (resting/post-exercise), systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, and mean arterial pressure — are self-contained within a structured, anonymised filename convention, eliminating dependency on external metadata files.

Files are organised into four class-stratified directories (Normal, Elevated, HTN-1, HTN-2) corresponding to the AHA/ACC classification of each recording. HSBP-DB is intended to support reproducible research in cuffless blood pressure estimation, PCG-based haemodynamic biomarker extraction, ordinal/multi-class classification modelling, and multimodal cardiovascular signal processing.

Ethical approval was granted by the Universiti Kuala Lumpur Research Ethics Committee (UREC Ref: UNIKL REC/2025/FRGS/APPV/01). All data were anonymised at the point of acquisition; no personally identifiable information is contained in or recoverable from the deposited files.

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