GlucoFM: A Dual-Stream Foundation Model for Continuous Glucose Monitoring

Summary

GlucoFM is a lightweight foundation model for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) signals that captures the distinct temporal structure of glycemic dynamics via a dual-stream architecture: (1) a slow physiological state stream capturing low-frequency glycemic baselines and daily trends, and (2) a transient event stream capturing short-term deviations (acute physiological responses, sensor artifacts). Pretrained on 109,066 hours of unlabeled CGM data from 477 subjects aligned to a 24-hour chronological grid. Evaluated across 4 cohorts and 7 clinical prediction tasks, outperforming the best CGM-specific FM by +4.1 PR-AUC points.