Paperdoi:10.1038/s41440-026-02759-6
Validation of a ring-type cuffless BP device (CART BP Pro) for awake–asleep blood pressure change against 24-h ABPM
Hypertension Research 49(10):2817–2825 (published 2026-08-05)
TL;DR
Validation of the awake–asleep BP change (the awake/asleep test of the ESH cuffless-BP validation protocol) against simultaneous 24-h ABPM. n = 35 analysed (selected from 84). Mean differences for the awake–asleep change: SBP −1.74 ± 6.47 mmHg, DBP 0.08 ± 5.84 mmHg; correlation r = 0.736.
- Form factor: ring
Abstract
We evaluated the accuracy of a ring-type cuffless BP device (CART BP Pro) in detecting awake–asleep BP changes compared to conventional 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), following the validation protocol recommended by the European Society of Hypertension (ESH). Among 84 recruited patients, 35 were selected to satisfy ESH recommendations: 30% ( n = 11) with systolic BP (SBP) ≥ 130 mmHg and diastolic BP (DBP) ≥ 80 mmHg and 30% ( n = 11) with SBP n = 13) were included sequentially based on recruitment order. CART BP Pro was calibrated at least one day prior to simultaneous monitoring with ABPM. Participants simultaneously wore both devices on the non-dominant arm for 24 h. Mean SBP/DBP values and awake–asleep BP changes were compared. Awake–asleep SBP/DBP changes were 15.61 ± 8.74/11.35 ± 6.22 mmHg (ABPM) and 13.87 ± 9.04/11.44 ± 8.62 mmHg (CART BP Pro). Differences in mean awake–asleep BP changes were −1.74 ± 6.47 mmHg (SBP) and 0.08 ± 5.84 mmHg (DBP). Correlation analysis showed clinically significant correlation for both SBP and DBP changes ( r = 0.736, p < 0.01). Bland–Altman plots showed acceptable agreement with a mean difference and 95% limits of agreement of −1.74 (−14.42, 10.94) mmHg for SBP and 0.08 (−11.37, 11.53) mmHg for DBP. For four-category dipping classification, CART BP Pro showed moderate agreement with ABPM (weighted κ = 0.58). In conclusion, CART BP Pro showed a meaningful level of agreement with ABPM in detecting awake–asleep BP changes. As this addressed only the awake/asleep test of the ESH protocol, the device cannot yet replace conventional 24-h ABPM pending completion of the remaining validation tests.
Verbatim from the publisher's DOI record (opens in a new tab) · Publisher licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Results on ChatPPG leaderboards
All leaderboardsNo results from this paper on ChatPPG leaderboards yet. Browse the leaderboards.
Tasks & signals
Tasks
Signals
Keywords
How it works
Cite this paper
Lee, S.-M., Kwon, H., Cho, B., Park, J. H., Na, S.-H., Lee, S.-P., & Lee, H.-Y. (2026). Validation of a ring-type cuffless BP device (CART BP Pro) for awake–asleep blood pressure change against 24-h ABPM. Hypertension Research, 49(10), 2817–2825. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-026-02759-6
Lee, Seung-Mok, Hyuktae Kwon, Belong Cho, Jin Ho Park, Sang-Hoon Na, Seung-Pyo Lee, and Hae-Young Lee. 2026. "Validation of a ring-type cuffless BP device (CART BP Pro) for awake–asleep blood pressure change against 24-h ABPM." Hypertension Research 49 (10): 2817–2825. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-026-02759-6.
Lee, S.-M., Kwon, H., Cho, B., Park, J. H., Na, S.-H., Lee, S.-P. and Lee, H.-Y. (2026) 'Validation of a ring-type cuffless BP device (CART BP Pro) for awake–asleep blood pressure change against 24-h ABPM', Hypertension Research, 49(10), pp. 2817–2825. doi: 10.1038/s41440-026-02759-6.
Lee, Seung-Mok, et al. "Validation of a ring-type cuffless BP device (CART BP Pro) for awake–asleep blood pressure change against 24-h ABPM." Hypertension Research, vol. 49, no. 10, 2026, pp. 2817–2825. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-026-02759-6.
S.-M. Lee et al., "Validation of a ring-type cuffless BP device (CART BP Pro) for awake–asleep blood pressure change against 24-h ABPM," Hypertension Research, vol. 49, no. 10, pp. 2817–2825, 2026, doi: 10.1038/s41440-026-02759-6.
@article{lee2026validation,
title = {{Validation of a ring-type cuffless BP device (CART BP Pro) for awake–asleep blood pressure change against 24-h ABPM}},
author = {Lee, Seung-Mok and Kwon, Hyuktae and Cho, Belong and Park, Jin Ho and Na, Sang-Hoon and Lee, Seung-Pyo and Lee, Hae-Young},
year = {2026},
journal = {Hypertension Research},
volume = {49},
number = {10},
pages = {2817--2825},
doi = {10.1038/s41440-026-02759-6}
}Added to the ChatPPG research hub
