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Paperdoi:10.3109/00207459008994241

Subjective and objective sleepiness in the active individual

Venue listed1990Added Nov 9, 2026

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Authors: T. Åkerstedt, M. Gillberg

Int J Neurosci 1990;52(1–2):29–37

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TL;DR

KSS source paper. Eight subjects kept awake overnight; ratings every 2 h with ambulatory EEG/EOG. Slow eye movements and alpha/theta intrusions strongly differentiated high vs low subjective sleepiness; intraindividual correlations were very high but curvilinear — physiological signs appeared reliably only between 'sleepy' and 'extremely sleepy – fighting sleep'.

  • Form factor: test / questionnaire

Abstract

Eight subjects were kept awake and active overnight in a sleep lab isolated from environmental time cues. Ambulatory EEG and EOG were continuously recorded and sleepiness ratings carried out every two hours as was a short EEG test session with eyes open for 5 min and closed for 2 min. The EEG was subjected to spectral analysis and the EOG was visually scored for slow rolling eye movements (SEM). Intrusions of SEM and of alpha and theta power density during waking, open-eyed activity strongly differentiated between high and low subjective sleepiness (the differentiation was poorer for closed eyes) and the mean intraindividual correlations between subjective and objective sleepiness were very high. Still, the covariation was curvilinear; physiological indices of sleepiness did not occur reliably until subjective perceptions fell between "sleepy" and "extremely sleepy-fighting sleep"; i.e. physiological changes due to sleepiness are not likely to occur until extreme sleepiness is encountered. The results support the notion that ambulatory EEG/EOG changes may be used to quantify sleepiness.

Verbatim from Europe PMC (opens in a new tab) · Abstract via Europe PMC; © the authors/publisher

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Tasks & signals

Tasks

StressSleep staging

Signals

EEGEOGKSS

Keywords

FatigueGround TruthSleepiness

How it works

How Method works: Setup → Method → TargetSetup: Signals (KSS, EEG, EOG); Form factor (test / questionnaire). Method: Method. Target: Stress; Sleep staging.SetupSignals: KSS, EEG, EOGSignalsKSS, EEG, EOGForm factor: test / questionnaireForm factortest / questionnaireMethodMethodTargetStressStressSleep stagingSleep staging

Cite this paper

Cite this paper with the fields recorded here. Check it against the publisher before submitting.

Åkerstedt, T., & Gillberg, M. (1990). Subjective and objective sleepiness in the active individual. Int J Neurosci 1990. https://doi.org/10.3109/00207459008994241
Åkerstedt, T. and M. Gillberg. 1990. "Subjective and objective sleepiness in the active individual." Int J Neurosci 1990. https://doi.org/10.3109/00207459008994241.
Åkerstedt, T. and Gillberg, M. (1990) 'Subjective and objective sleepiness in the active individual', Int J Neurosci 1990. doi: 10.3109/00207459008994241.
Åkerstedt, T., and M. Gillberg "Subjective and objective sleepiness in the active individual." Int J Neurosci 1990, 1990. https://doi.org/10.3109/00207459008994241.
T. Åkerstedt and M. Gillberg, "Subjective and objective sleepiness in the active individual," Int J Neurosci 1990, 1990, doi: 10.3109/00207459008994241.
@article{akerstedt1990subjective,
  title         = {{Subjective and objective sleepiness in the active individual}},
  author        = {Åkerstedt, T. and Gillberg, M.},
  year          = {1990},
  journal       = {Int J Neurosci 1990},
  doi           = {10.3109/00207459008994241}
}

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